How are sex linked traits determined

A sex-linked trait refers to genes that determine a specific structural or functional characteristic and are found on an X or Y sex chromosome.

Explanation:

The X and Y sex chromosomes are what determine the sex of an individual, XY for male and XX for female. A sex chromosome-linked trait refers to specific genes located on one of the sex chromosomes.

In general, the X sex chromosome is capable of having more traits linked to it because it is larger than the Y chromosome.

Genes are what determine the morphological and functional characteristics of an individual. When specific genes are found on a sex chromosome, the traits that they determine will be given to the offspring through that chromosome.

i think a) betsy can donate only blood to mark is correct because, mark and betsy have the same blood type. whereas nobody else has b+ blood so betsy can't donate to them.

cellular respiration oxidizes food into energy in the form of atps.

glycolysis (6 c hexose) > 2x atps are used > 6c hexose biphosphate > 2 x 3c triphosphate >

2 x 3c pyruvate (2x nadh produced from nad) and (4x atp produced)

pyruvate actively pumped mitochondrial matrix.