After the eruption of an underwater volcano, lava hardens into rock to form a new island in the Pacific ocean. The first organisms to grow on the island are lichens are mosses. Through the process of succession, we expect: a
Other plants will grow, but lichens and mosses will always dominate
b
Grasses, weeds, shrubs, and eventually trees will colonize the island
c
Plants will continue to grow on the island but no animals
d
The same organisms will grow on the island forever