During DNA replication, several natural proofreading mechanisms are in place to prevent an error from occurring. However, errors can occur occasionally. If the error is not fixed, it becomes a genetic mutation. How can a mutation affect protein synthesis by a cell? Do you think there are different consequences if it happens in a gamete cell (sperm or egg) versus a non-gamete cell?

Recall that the DNA sequence found within a gene controls protein synthesis. If the DNA sequence is altered, this can alter the amino acid sequence within a protein. Figure : The process of protein synthesis first creates an mRNA copy of a DNA sequence during the process of transcription.

lunar landing mission. apollo 11 was the first manned mission to land on the moon. the first steps by humans on another planetary body were taken by neil armstrong and buzz aldrin on july 20, 1969. the astronauts also returned to earth the first samples from another planetary body.

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