Which statement best explains how the reduction in the elk population might have affected the bison population? 1. Fewer elk led to fewer bison being preyed on by wolves.

2. Fewer elk consumed young trees, increasing the food available for bison.

3. Fewer elk led to an increase in competition for resources between elk and bison.

4. Fewer elk consumed young trees, decreasing the variety of food sources available for both species.

Which of the following factors would not contribute to allopatric speciation? a) a population becomes geographically isolated from the parent population.b) the separated population is small, and genetic drift occurs.c) the isolated population is exposed to different selection pressures than the ancestral population.d) different mutations begin to distinguish the gene pools of the separated populations.e) gene flow between the two populations is extensive.