synthesis of an oligonucleotide with a sequence deviating in at least one base from the wild-type gene followed by replacement of the wild-type gene with the synthetic sequence is known a

Site-directed mutagenesis

Explanation:

Site-directed mutagenesis (SDM) is a technique widely used in molecular biology in order to generate site-specific, targeted changes in the DNA sequence of a gene of interest. The SDM protocol consists of using a complementary oligonucleotide (primer) that contains the desired mutation, which hybridizes to the target DNA sequence and thus can trigger the desired mutation. Nowadays, the versatile CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system is the most used technique to produce targeted mutations in any gene of interest.

the two answers are a, the population of birds with large beaks will increase on the island, and c, the trait for large beaks will be passed on to future generations through natural selection. the reason for that is because if the birds that have beaks developed for eating small seeds lose all of their food, they will go hungry and eventually starve because they physically cannot eat the large seeds, therefore making the population of large beaked birds higher. also, if the trait of large beaks are dominant on the island over small beaks, then over time the large beaked birds will reproduce more and more, while the smaller beaked birds will reproduce less and less because they can't survive with the food provided. that leads to the trait of small beaks disappearing and the trait of large beaks taking over the island.

. the sierra madre fault zone of southern california

. the san andreas fault california