What is a hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solution?

Explanation:

If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, water will leave the cell, and the cell will shrink. In an isotonic environment, the relative concentrations of solute and water are equal on both sides of the membrane.  When a cell is placed in a hypotonic environment, water will enter the cell, and the cell will swell.

some fungi obtain their nutrients from a living host (plant or animal) and are called most biotrophic fungi have fairly narrow host ranges—they are specialized on a limited called rhizomorphs that allow the fungus to grow from one tree to another. ascospores are formed inside a sac-like structure called an ascus. so your answer is a

a=c and then d= c because of the band so you get ac/dc and you add them together you get sound waves