Which of the following is NOT true of mutations? a) They can take place in body cells or in reproductive cells.

b) They often lead to beneficial variations.

c) They can be caused by X rays.

d) They involve changes to genetic information.

Environmental differences within ecosystems are generally caused by

Classify the structures as homologous or analogous, depending on their structure and function.

How is ribosomal rna useful as a molecular clock? a. a large portion of the dna ring is not vital to structure or function, allowing it to accumulate neutral mutations. b. its rate of mutation increases over time as organisms continue to evolve and differentiate from each other. c. a slow mutation rate makes it useful for determining evolutionary relationships between ancient species. d. it is only found in select organisms, making it easier to compare relationships between species that have it.