Stion 6 (1 point) Fireflies emit light. The production of light by an organism is called bioluminescence. To
generate visible light, cells in a firefly's tail produce thousands of luciferase enzymes.
Luciferase binds to a chemical called luciferin. Once bound, the luciferase enzyme speeds up
a chemical reaction that combines an oxygen molecule and luciferin to produce oxyluciferin.
This reaction requires energy and releases light. Which of the following best describes how
the luciferase enzyme speeds up the chemical reaction?
F Luciferase increases the amount of time the light is visible.
G Luciferase decreases the amount of energy required for the reaction to start.
H Luciferase increases the number of sites on luciferin that must bind to oxygen.
J Luciferase decreases the temperature of the environment inside the body of the firefly.

step 1: initiation

initiation is the beginning of transcription. it occurs when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

step 2: elongation

elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

step 3: termination

termination is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.

cells use diffusion to get substances in and out of themselves. that diffusion will occur across the cell membrane or the outer covering of the cell. because we are talking about the surface of the cell, surface area and volume are  important factors here. as a cell increases in size, its surface area and volume increase as well.  we call that the surface area to volume ratio (sa: vol).  but the catch is that  volume increases at a greater rate than surface  area. in other words, as a cell gets bigger, the sa: vol gets smaller. so a really small cell like bacteria is mostly cell membrane (surface) with very little contents (volume). a really big cell like an egg, is mostly insides with a super thin membrane. so what ends up happening is that the cell cannot efficiently diffuse all of the stuff it needs in/out to survive. therefore cell size is limited to about 100mm. so how do we make organisms bigger than 100mm? cells divide! by dividing and becoming multicellular, organisms are able to grow!   check out the diagrams i attached to see the effect of sa: vol. i hope this ! good luck!

rising temperatures because when water vapor in the air is cooled, it condenses. it turns back into a liquid and attaches to dust particles in the air. these very small water droplets group together to form clouds