Both natural processes and human activity are causing some of Earth's permanent bodies of ice to melt. If enough of this ice melts, it will add warm freshwater to the northern Atlantic Ocean, where deep water currents start. What effect is this likely to have

EFFECTS - : Melting glaciers and icebergs release fresh water and reduce the salinity of the surrounding sea. The seawater also becomes less dense, changing patterns of ocean currents.

Explanation -

MELTING OF ICE AND ADDING WARM FRESH WATER TO NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN -:  As part of the thermohaline circulation (also called the Global Ocean Conveyor), seawater flows through the Atlantic, the normal pattern by which seawater passes to the oceans of the world. Due to variations in water density caused by differences in temperature and salinity, the water in the Global Ocean Conveyor circulates. Colder water is denser than colder water, while salter water is denser than fresh water or less salty water.

Water heated at the Equator flows north to cold high latitudes at the surface of the ocean, where it becomes colder. When it cools, the deep ocean becomes denser and sinks. To take its place, more warm surface water flows in, cools, sinks, and the pattern continues. But this trend may be modified by melting Arctic sea ice.

The influx of freshwater from the melting ice makes seawater less salty and thus less thick at high latitudes as the Planet begins to warm and Arctic sea ice melts. In reality, data shows that over the past few decades, the North Atlantic has already become fresher.

an individual’s sex (i.e., whether they are a male or female) is determined by the sex chromosomes. most people have two sex chromosomes, one that is inherited from their mother and one that is inherited from their father. typically, females have two x chromosomes (xx) and males have one x chromosome and one y chromosome (xy). conditions caused by changes (“mutations”) in genes located on the x chromosome are considered x-linked.

x-linked recessive inheritance

most x-linked conditions are recessive. this means that in a person with two x chromosomes (most females), both copies of a gene (i.e., one on each x chromosome) must have a change or mutation whereas in a person with one x chromosome (most males), only one copy of a gene must have a mutation. a female with a mutation in one copy of a gene on the x chromosome is said to be a “carrier” for an x-linked condition. a male with a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome is typically affected with the condition. because females have two copies of the x chromosome and males have only one x chromosome, x-linked recessive diseases are more common among males than females. however, x-linked recessive diseases can occur in both males and females.

for x-linked recessive disorders, an unaffected carrier mother who has a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome can transmit either the x chromosome with this mutation or a “normal” x chromosome to her children. if the father is unaffected, none of her daughters will be affected and all of her daughters will be unaffected—since they will inherit at least one normal x chromosome from their father. however, each daughter will have a 50% chance of being an unaffected carrier like her mother and a 50% chance of both x chromosomes being normal.