What is it called when energy is required to move materials through a cell membrane ?

active transport

During active transport, ATP is required to move a substance across a membrane, often with the help of protein carriers, and usually against its concentration gradient. One of the most common types of active transport involves proteins that serve as pumps.

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image result for how many calories of energy will 20 grams of carbohydrates provide in one gram provides 4 calories

consuming the right balance of protein, carbohydrates and fat can you maintain a healthy weight and optimize your energy levels. protein and carbohydrates both contain 4 calories per gram, while fat provides 9 calories per gram.