Scenario Hemoglobin is a protein that helps transport oxygen in specialized red blood cells. Oxygen is a required component for cellular metabolism (energy production), which powers important cellular processes. A person with sickle cell anemia does not produce normal hemoglobin, as seen below.

Prompt
How is DNA responsible for sickle cell anemia?

Claim: (1-2 sentences)
Evidence: (4 pieces of evidence are needed to get full credit.)
Reasoning: ( A minimum of 3 sentences using vocabulary terms are needed to get full credit.)

Explanation:

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a group of inherited red blood cell disorders. If you have SCD, there is a problem with your hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. With SCD, the hemoglobin forms into stiff rods within the red blood cells. This changes the shape of the red blood cells. The cells are supposed to be disc-shaped, but this changes them into a crescent, or sickle, shape.

The sickle-shaped cells are not flexible and cannot change shape easily. Many of them burst apart as they move through your blood vessels. The sickle cells usually only last 10 to 20 days, instead of the normal 90 to 120 days. Your body may have trouble making enough new cells to replace the ones that you lost. Because of this, you may not have enough red blood cells. This is a condition called anemia, and it can make you feel tired.

The sickle-shaped cells can also stick to vessel walls, causing a blockage that slows or stops the flow of blood. When this happens, oxygen can't reach nearby tissues. The lack of oxygen can cause attacks of sudden, severe pain, called pain crises. These attacks can occur without warning. If you get one, you might need to go to the hospital for treatment.

because DNA can spread anemia.

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