1. A volcanic eruption levels the land in the surrounding area, covering everything with ash and killing almost all living things. This is
classified as a
limiting factor.
2. As the population of elks in a forest increases, the decreasing
availability of their food source, aspen and willow leaves, acts as a
limiting factor.
3. Part of a forest is clear-cut to make room for new buildings and
roads as part of a housing development. This decreases the available
habitat for all species, making it a
limiting factor.

The limiting factors for these scenarios are density dependant or density-independent.

The growth or decrease of a population depends on factors that can or cannot be related to the number of inhabitants that the population has.

In conclusion, a volcanic eruption covering everything in ash and killing almost all living things is a density-independent limiting factor. The increase in the population of elks and the decrease in their food source is a density dependant limiting factor, which makes elks compete for food. Lastly, part of a forest being clear cut to make room for buildings, and decreasing the available habitat for species is a density-independent limiting factor.

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there are so many examples for that in different areas, like biology experiment carried out in our lab recently.

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