Red–green color blindness is an X‑linked recessive trait in humans. Polydactyly (extra fingers and toes) is an autosomal dominant trait. Martha has normal fingers and toes and normal color vision. Her mother is normal in all respects, but her father is color blind and polydactylous. Bill is color blind and polydactylous. His mother has normal color vision and normal fingers and toes. When answering the given question, consider that the answers include the proportions of only some of the possible phenotypes; other phenotypes are also expected to occur but are not included. 1. If Bill and Martha marry, what types and proportions of children can they produce?
2. The following two genotypes are crossed: Aa Bb Cc X+ Xr × Aa BB cc X+Y, where a, b, and c represent alleles of autosomal genes and X+ and Xr represent X-linked alleles in an organism with XX-XY sex determination. What is the probability of obtaining genotype aa Bb Cc X+ X+ in the progeny?

Complete question:

Red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive trait in humans. Polydactyly (extra fingers and toes) is an autosomal dominant trait. Martha has normal fingers and toes and normal color vision. Her mother is normal in all respects, but her father is color blind and polydactylous. Bill is color blind and polydactylous. His mother has normal color vision and normal fingers and toes.

1. If Bill and Martha marry, what proportions of children with specific phenotypes would they be expected to produce? (The answers only include the proportions of some of the possible phenotypes; other phenotypes are also expected to occur but are not included.)

a. 1/4 color-blind girls with normal fingers, 1/4 boys with normal vision and polydactyly  

b. 1/8 color-blind girls with polydactyly, 1/8 boys with normal vision and normal fingers  

c. 1/3 girls with normal vision and normal fingers, 1/3 boys with normal vision and polydactyly, and 1/3 boys with normal vision and normal fingers  

d. 1/6 girls with normal vision and polydactyly, 1/6 boys with normal vision and polydactyly  

e. 1/8 color-blind girls with normal fingers, 1/4 boys with normal vision and polydactyly

2. The following two genotypes are crossed: Aa Bb Cc X+ Xr × Aa BB cc X+Y, where a, b, and c represent alleles of autosomal genes and X+ and Xr represent X-linked alleles in an organism with XX-XY sex determination.

Explanation:

Due to  technical problems you will find the complete explanation in the attached file      

correct answer: understand the different control methods available

integrated pest management is an strategy that is based on the ecosystem and try to prevent the pest and the damage caused by them by applying combination of technique like habitat manipulation, biological control and use of resistant varieties.

the main aim of the integrated pest management is not to completely eliminate the pest but to strengthen the ecosystem so that conditions are favorable for plants and unfavorable for pests.

unicellular organisms, like bacteria, are able to perform all life functions within one single cell. multicellular organisms need many different types of cells to carry out the same life processes. each of these special types of cells has a different structure that it perform a specific function.