An alteration in the nucleotide sequence of a gene can alter the gene product. Each sentence is made up of three‑letter words, representing mRNA codons. THE FAT CAT SAT THE CAR WAS RED SHE HAS THE DOG The same sentences are written with a substitution, deletion, or insertion, much as a gene may have a substitution, deletion, or insertion mutation. Identify which sentence represents a substitution, which represents a deletion, and which represents an insertion.

This question is incomplete as the sentences depicting mutated sequences are not included. The complete part is:

1) The cat was red 2) The fat aca tsa t 3) SHE Has The DG

The answers are:

1. The cat was red - Substitution

2. The fat aca tsa t - Insertion

3. SHE Has The DG - deletion

Explanation:

A mutation, as stated in this question, is an alteration in the nucleotide sequence of a gene, which can alter the gene product. In this question, each sentence is made up of three‑letter words, representing mRNA codons. The sentences are:

THE FAT CAT SAT

THE CAR WAS RED

SHE HAS THE DOG

1. A substitution mutation is that mutation involving the replacement of a nucleotide by another in a sequence. In the sentence; THE CAR WAS RED, R letter was replaced by letter T, hence, the sequence/sentence changed to THE CAT WAS RED.

2. An insertion mutation involves the addition of a nucleotide into the original sequence. In the sentence/sequence; THE FAT CAT SAT, letter A was added in between "fat" and "cat" to change the sentence to THE FAT ACA TSA T.

3. Deletion mutation involves the removal of a nucleotide from an original sequence. In the sentence/sequence; SHE HAS THE DOG, letter O was removed from the sentence to change it to SHE HAS THE DG.

in 1859, charles darwin set out his theory of evolution by natural selection as an explanation for adaptation and speciation. he defined natural selection as the "principle by which each slight variation [of a trait], if useful, is preserved".