An example of how an abiotic factor affects a biotic factor and its explanation

Look at the figure above. which atmospheric layer has around 80 percent of the mass of the earth's atmosphere? (hint: it's where the clouds seen on earth are formed.) a. exosphere b. troposphere c. stratosphere d. thermosphere

Contrast how pollination is different among gymnosperms and angiosperms.

Membrane vesicles containing an internal sodium chloride (nacl) concentration of 0.14 m are placed into separate beakers each containing a different solution. the first beaker contains 0.14 m sucrose, while the second beaker contains 0.14 m calcium chloride (cacl2). the temperature is 25°c. what is the solute potential inside the vesicles, expressed in units of mpa?