Remember that a theory does not become a law because by definition, a theory can always be altered whereas a law is fact and does not change. Give an example of a theory in science: Give an example of a scientific law.

the answer is; comparing the frequency of collisions with and without the device

this makes the anti-collision system an independent variable and the collisions a dependent variable. if there are fewer collisions with an anti-collision system that without, then it can be stated that the system is a success. essentially, collisions under an anti-collision system are compared with the frequency of collisions by cars with the human drivers.

thinking it would be physical characteristics

it is called the mitotic spindle