Predators, starvation, and disease are all examples of

There are no specified options to this question but it can be answered based on general understanding.

The answer is DENSITY-DEPENDENT limiting factors

Explanation:

Certain factors tend to inhibit the growth and abundance of member organisms of a population. These factors are termed LIMITING FACTORS. Limiting factors that affect population of organisms in an ecosystem can either be density-dependent or density-independent.

DENSITY-DEPENDENT limiting factors are a type of limiting factors that depends on how dense a population is i.e. depends on the population size. Examples of density dependent factors are predation, starvation, and disease which tend to affect and inhibit growth and abundance in a large population.

For example, when a population increases, they tend to utilize food more, which will eventually lead to exhaustion of the food source. This causes STARVATION within the population.

Note that: Conversely, density independent factors do not depend on population size to inhibit growth and abundance of a population. Example is drought, earthquake or other natural hazards.

the answer to your question is sperm

the cost of mining is extremely low compared to the money earned from mining, creating income to improve the environment.