A scientist usually runs a(n) | to see the effects
the independent variable has on the dependent variable.

Experiment.

Explanation:

Suppose that we have two related variables, A (independent) and B (dependent)

We could design an experiment where we can manipulate the value of A at will, and we also can observe how the variable B changes.

This is called an experiment, where the objective is to see how the variable B is related to the variable A, and then try to make a model that explains this relationship.

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that scientist would be robert hooke