What adaptations would a plant species need to encounter the effects of an herbivorous insect and what adaptations would the insect need to counter those defenses?

The plant defense system incorporates waxy cuticles or bark that are impenetrable in order to protect from insects. They can create complex polymers that lower the plant absorbability to creatures; and poisons that can kill herbivores and insects. Furthermore, plants produce hard shells, and spines (changed leaves), and thorns to shield themselves from herbivores.  

Herbivores then again have built up a various scope of physical structures to encourage the utilization of plant material. They have created teeth structures to penetrate or break plant tissues and that mirror their taking care of inclinations. They can create proteins, for example, oxidases (MFOs) and protease that counter and diminish the adequacy of various harmful auxiliary metabolites delivered by plants. They can maintain a strategic distance from plant protections by eating plants specifically in reality.

photosynthesis makes the glucose that is used in cellular respiration to make atp. the glucose is then turned back into carbon dioxide, which is used in photosynthesis. while water is broken down to form oxygen during photosynthesis, in cellular respiration oxygen is combined with hydrogen to form water.