Clinical manifestations of hypocalcemia include which of the following? (Select all that apply.) Positive Trousseau sign Positive Chvostek sign Hyperactive reflexes. Muscle twitching Constipation Paresthesias

Positive Trousseau sign

Positive Chvostek sign

Hyperactive reflexes.

Muscle twitching, Paresthesias

When the blood conce

Explanation:

When the blood ca+ concentration falls below  the standard of 4.4-4.5mg/dL,that is below 4.4mg/dL the clinical condition is called hypocalcemia. It is caused by hypothyroidism,due to  malfunction of the parathyroid gland.

Generally, Ca+ is needed for contraction of muscles by causing the fusion of the vesicles containing neurotransmitters to the presynaptic membrane for the passage of neuro transmitters  to fuse with the receptors on the sarcolemma to initiate  muscular contractions by opening of ligand gated Na+. It also interact with the ligand gated  sodium ion channels

Generally,Ca+ inhibits depolarization of ligand gated Na+ channels. Thus blocks the opening of these channels and therefore the rate of excitability.Therefore, If the is low serum levels of Ca+,There is increased in the threshold of depolarization because more ligand gated Na+ channels are opened,Thus their is increased excitability of nerves and muscles fibres therefore in the  clinical manifestations listed above.

It can be treated with infusion of Ca+ into the blood.

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