What action is a reflex action

Which organisms have pharyngeal arches that develop from all three germ layers and go through the same development stages as embryos? 1.bird 2.ladybug 3.starfish 4.snake

If assuming tasting ptc as a simple gene trait,what other genotype would you select to put in this missing genotype box that could result in this phenotype

What is the difference between a scientific hypotheses and a scientific theory?