Predict what will happen to the following lung volumes and capacities during strenuous exercise. Assume that you are comparing from a baseline of normal resting respiration. Lung Volume or Capacity Predicted change from resting baseline : Use Increase, Decrease or No Change

TLC (total lung capacity)
No change
VC (Vital capacity)
IC (Inspiratory capacity)
FRC (Functional residual capacity
TV (Tidal volume)
IRV (Inspiratory reserve volume)
ERV (Expiratory reserve volume)
RV (Residual volume)

During intense exercise:

lung capacity increases

vital capacity increases

respiratory capacity increases

functional residual capacity increases

tidal volume increases

the inspiratory and expiratory reserve volumes decrease as does the residual volume.

Explanation:

Residual volumes decrease because having better lung capacity, better development of the secondary skeletal muscles that collaborate in expiration and inspiration, these are given in a better way, and more effectively.

If these processes take place more efficiently, their potentiality increases and expiration and inspiration move a large current of air into the lungs, thus leaving less reserve airs.

Those people who have increased exhalation or inspiration reserve, have a weak activity of the musculature in the processes and function as "stagnant air" which is synonymous with a lack of physical activity or aerobic capacity.

It is important to clarify that all the above processes are accompanied by an increase in the size of the chest cage

"menstrual cycle is a complex cycle that consists of several processes. order of occurrence of steps in menstrual cycle are as follows:

1. high progesterone levels maintain the endometrium lining of the uterus.

2. endometrium lining breaks down and low levels of estrogen stimulate the pituitary to release fsh and lh.

3. fsh and lh stimulates the follicles to develop and the oocyte to produce estrogen.

4. rising estrogen levels suppress fsh production and development of other follicles.

5. a spike in lh causes follicle to rupture.

6. a breakdown of corpus luteum causes progesterone level to drop."

the answer is d.) homologous; have mammary glands