Pls, hurry! I don't have a lot of time! Explain the concepts of protocooperation, mutualism, commensalism, parasitism? Give an example of each. What is tolerance? Give an example. How do interactions among species influence what exists in a community? Give some examples of positive and negative interactions. How does predation affect a community? What happens when a keystone predator is removed from a community

Protocooperation is where two species interact with each other beneficially; they have no need to interact with each other - they interact purely for the gain that they receive from doing this. It is not at all necessary for protocooperation to occur; growth and survival is possible in the absence of the interaction eg:it  happens between soil bacteria or fungi, and the plants that occur growing in the soil

Mutualism is defined as an interaction between individuals of different species that results in positive (beneficial) effects on per capita reproduction and/or survival of the interacting populations.

eg: The bee and the flower

Commensalism, in biology, a relationship between individuals of two species in which one species obtains food or other benefits from the other without either harming or benefiting the latter. eg: birds,Golden Jackals

parasitism is a symbiotic relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or in another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life eg:tapeworms, fleas, and barnacles

Tolerance is being patient, understanding and accepting of anything different. An example of tolerance is Muslims, Christians and Athiests being friends.Species interactions form the basis for many ecosystem properties and processes such as nutrient cycling and food webs. The nature of these interactions can vary depending on the evolutionary context and environmental conditions in which they occur.

Tolerance is the ability to minimize negative effects resulting from herbivory, while resistance ... They provide it with digested leaf material, can sense if a leaf species is harmful

Predation can have large effects on prey populations and on community structure. Predators can increase diversity in communities by preying on competitive dominant species or by reducing consumer pressure on foundation species.

Without its keystone species, the ecosystem would be dramatically different or cease to exist altogether. Keystone species have low functional redundancy. This means that if the species were to disappear from the ecosystem, no other species would be able to fill its ecological niche

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relationships aren't everything. people everyday spend there entire life depending on reltionships and for someone to be there for them when this is absurd. why must people depend on someone else to bring them happiness? i'm not saying it wrong to feel happy with someone, but people feel that they need to be in a relationship in order to feel happy, when, this is not true. you can paint, write, read ir slend tume with family ir even spend time working in yourself. this can be an exciting experience to find yourself. it's bot wrong to be in a relationship but if you let it be your only source of happiness, than you will never find true happiness.

so, relationships are not always worth it. if you are so dependent on them, than in the end they arent worth it because you will realize how unhappy you really were. some people even tend to cut ties with family because they think they cabt make them happy, obly realtionships with a lover can. false. in order to find true happiness, one must learn to love themselves if they want to love someone else. it's unhealthy to be always depend on relationships and to alqays be in and out of one.

so live life, get that job you always wanted, buy those new shoes and love yourself. depend on yourself, not others. they arent worth it, you can make yourself more happier than most people can do to you. it's not woth it. take your time and have fun.

it enhances antibody production by t cells of the adaptive immune system.

hope i'm right

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