What occurs during frameshift mutation? A) Part of the chromosome breaks away, but reattaches normally.

B) Part of the chromosome breaks away, but reattaches in inverse orientation.

C) An extra chromosome is added, causing mismatching of the chromosome pairs.

D) There is a misreading of the base pairs during translation.

C) An extra chromosome is added, causing mismatching of the chromosome pairs.

Explanation:

Mutation is any change, whether big or small, that occurs in the nucleotide sequence of a gene. Mutation can be of different types depending on how it occurs.

According to the question, frameshift mutation is a mutation that causes the normal reading frame of the nucleotide sequence to be altered. It is caused when an extra chromosome is added (insertion) or when one chromosome is removed (deletion). In either way, there will be a mismatch or alteration in the chromosome pair, hence affecting the reading of the nucleotide sequence.

In frameshift mutation, the insertion or deletion causes the

normal CODONS (triplet nucleotide) to be missing or incomplete, hence, disrupts the manner at which the reading takes place (reading frame). Note, frameshift mutation only occurs as a result of insertion or deletion of chromosomes/bases that are not multiples of three that can maintain the normal reading pattern/frame.

cellular respiration oxidizes food into energy in the form of atps.

glycolysis (6 c hexose) > 2x atps are used > 6c hexose biphosphate > 2 x 3c triphosphate >

2 x 3c pyruvate (2x nadh produced from nad) and (4x atp produced)

pyruvate actively pumped mitochondrial matrix.

oxygen = 21% of the atmosphere

nitrogen = 78%

carbon dioxide = 0.1%

argon =0.934%