Determine the nature of the expression of the lacZYA genes, represented by L, and label each genotype as constitutive, inducible, or no transcription in the presence of lactose. Assume that all promoters are wild type.

Compare the depth of field when focusing with low power and high power. which power has the greater depth of field?

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).

Tropical rain forests support more species per unit area than any other terrestrial ecosystem. what is one way rain forests are important to the health of the biosphere?