1.In binomial nomenclature of organisms, every species name includes two words. The first word is the name of the . 2.A monophyletic group or clade consists of a single and all of its descendants.

3.Cladograms sometimes indicate , or shared characteristics. All species have that characteristic from the indicated point forward.

4.What's our system of naming organisms called, and what are the two most specific categories of organization?

5.If a scientist is studying the evolutionary relationship between two species of birds, what tool could she use to help her chart their relationship?

6.How is one clade differentiated from another clade?

7.Which type of character provides useful data for cladistic analysis?

8.What technological development allowed for a more detailed understanding of the relationship between species?

1. Genus

2. Common ancestor

3. Synapomorphies

4. The system is called binomial nomenclature, and the specific categories used are genus and species.

5. The scientist could use a phylogenetic tree to help visualize the evolutionary relationship.

6. One clade is differentiated from another clade by a branching point within the phylogenetic tree that's defined by some character or characters.

7. Since cladistics depict an evolutionary relationship between organisms, the traits that are studied and categorized are homologous traits.

8. DNA sequencing is the technological development that allowed scientists to gain a more complete understanding of the relationships between species.

Explanation:

the sugar-phosphate backbone forms the structural framework of nucleic acids, including dna and rna. this backbone is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups, and defines directionality of the molecule.