Homologous pairs of chromosomes carry genes that control the same inherited traits. These pairs are known as:
A. Gametes
B. Haploids
C. Diploids
D. Tetrads
E. Chiasma

Meiosis produces daughter cells.

A) two haploid

B) two diploid

C) four haploid

D) four diploid

C

At which stage of meiosis are sister chromatids separated from each other?

A) prophase I

B) prophase II

C) anaphase I

D) anaphase II

D

The part of meiosis that is similar to mitosis is .

A) meiosis I

B) anaphase I

C) meiosis II

D) interkinesis

C

If a muscle cell of a typical organism has 32 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be in a gamete of that same organism?

A) 8

B) 16

C) 32

D) 64

B

Explain how the random alignment of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I contributes to variation in gametes produced by meiosis.

Random alignment leads to new combinations of traits. The chromosomes that were originally inherited by the gamete-producing individual came equally from the egg and the sperm. In metaphase I, the duplicated copies of these maternal and paternal homologous chromosomes line up across the center of the cell to form a tetrad. The orientation of each tetrad is random. There is an equal chance that the maternally derived chromosomes will be facing either pole. The same is true of the paternally derived chromosomes. The alignment should occur differently in almost every meiosis. As the homologous chromosomes are pulled apart in anaphase I, any combination of maternal and paternal chromosomes will move toward each pole. The gametes formed from these two groups of chromosomes will have a mixture of traits from the individual’s parents. Each gamete is unique.

In what ways is meiosis II similar to and different from mitosis of a diploid cell?

The two divisions are similar in that the chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate individually, meaning unpaired with other chromosomes (as in meiosis I). In addition, each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids that will be pulled apart. The two divisions are different because in meiosis II there are half the number of chromosomes that are present in a diploid cell of the same species undergoing mitosis. This is because meiosis I reduced the number of chromosomes to a haploid state.

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c

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