If any state tribunal decides a federal question and the litigant has no further remedy within the state court system, which among these remedies could the litigant possibly benefit from?

a. a hearing by a us district court
b. a hearing by a federal court of appeals
c. a hearing by the us supreme court
d. a congressional vote

Which of the following factors would not contribute to allopatric speciation? a) a population becomes geographically isolated from the parent population.b) the separated population is small, and genetic drift occurs.c) the isolated population is exposed to different selection pressures than the ancestral population.d) different mutations begin to distinguish the gene pools of the separated populations.e) gene flow between the two populations is extensive.