Wildlife can be scarce in many large, densely populated cities. A few plants and animals can be found in these areas. For example, rats, mice, pigeons, cockroaches, and other insects are common in cities. Trees can grow by sidewalks or in local parks. Some cities even have small populations of coyotes within city limits.

Do you think these cities meet the definition of an ecosystem? Explain your reasoning.

the answer for PLATO is:

"Yes, because these organisms likely depend on each other for survival. For example, plants and grasses can make food for insects and other small animals, such as rats. Carnivores can eat the small animals and obtain energy from them. Humans are also living things, sk they contribute to the ecosystems of these organisms. They can provide food for rats and insects. Humans can also water the plants"

Paraphrase that as you will.