In which environment would primary succession occur?

Primary succession occurs in essentially lifeless areas

An area of exposed rock after a glacier melts away

volcanoes (an event in the geosphere) release a large amount of particulate matter into the atmosphere. these particles serve as nuclei for the formation of water droplets (hydrosphere). rainfall (hydrosphere) often increases following an eruption, stimulating plant growth (biosphere).

it takes hundreds of years to become stable.

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