How do you think a code consisting of so few characters can encode the instructions for building thousand of different proteins?

Every gene has a code which is responsible for the formation of thousands of protein necessary for normal functioning of the cell.

Explanation:

In genes codes are present. In these codes have information about the formation of protein. Genes is just like a recipe book which contains information about making different types of protein which is necessary for the cell. So codes in the genes are work according to the instruction of the cell for making a specific protein. These codes contains characters which is sent by the genes to the ribosomes of the cell where protein are formed.

when atoms of different types of elements join together, they make molecules called compounds. water consists of compound molecules made up of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom. this is why it's called h2o. water will always have 2 times the number of hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms.