Some species of stick insects have wings, others are wingless. recent research indicates that wings have been gained and lost several times during the evolutionary history of stick insects. for the six species on the evolutionary tree, which hypothesis require a lower total number of wing gains and wing losses?

In a classic experiment using pea shape, mendel conducted two separate genetic crosses. in the first cross the parent plants were “true breeding” for pea shape; one had round peas ( r )and the other had wrinkled (r). the first cross produced a filial 1 generation of all round peas. in the second cross, mendel bred plants from the filial 1 generation. this cross produced different results. out of approximately 1000 plants, about 75% were round and 25% were wrinkled.