A chef sprays antimicrobial cleaner on her counter top. At the first, the bacteria population declines significantly. However, even though she continues to spray in following weeks, the number of bacteria begins to increase again. Why did this happen? After the application of antimicrobial spray, the bacteria needed to adapt by developing antimicrobial spray-resistant traits. Some bacteria had traits that allowed them to survive the initial antimicrobial application. They produced offspring also carrying those traits. The antimicrobial compound caused a mutation for resistance to it. This trait increased in the population over time. The bacteria that tried hardest to become resistant left more offspring, who were also resistant.

Bacteria that carried the traits for antimicrobial resistance were able to pass on the trait to their offspring

Explanation:

Populations of organisms that are able to be resistant to pesticides have acquired this due to the ability to properly breakdown the chemicals or package it and discard of it effectively.

Bacteria populations typically multiply very quickly and many mutations arise. Some of these mutations are fortunate adaptations to the very agent that is meant to kill them. These mutants that are able to survive antimicrobial treatment will be able to pass these on to their prodigy.

Please take a look at another example of resistance in insects here:

the diploid number of chromosomes is sometimes represented by the symbol 2n. for the fruit fly, the diploid number is 8, which can be written as 2n = 8, where n represents twice the number of chromosomes in a sperm or egg cell.

answer: substrate concentration. enzymes work best when there is a high enough substrate concentration for the reaction they catalyse.