Consider the following three populations of birds. Assume HW equilibrium. With these birds red coloring is recessive, while brown coloring is dominant. Population 1 has 670 birds, of which 603 are brown and 67 are red. Population 2 has 100 birds, of which 90 are brown and 10 are red. Population 3 has 30 birds, of which 27 are brown and 3 are red. In which population is the frequency of the allele for red coloring the highest? Which population is most likely to be subject to a bottleneck effect? In which population would it be least likely that an accident would significantly alter the frequency of the brown allele?

Red allele frequency will be highest in population II

Population III can undergo bottleneck effect

The frequency of the brown allele will  least likely be altered in the population I

Explanation:

Population I -

Total population -

Brown birds -

Red birds -

Population II

Total population -

Brown birds -

Red birds -

Population III

Total population -

Brown birds -

Red birds -

Frequency of red birds in population I

Frequency of red birds in population II

Frequency of red birds in population III

Red allele frequency will be highest in population II and it will be equal to as compared to in case of population I and III

Population III can undergo bottleneck effect because of smaller population size

The frequency of the brown allele will  least likely be altered in the population that has highest  brown individual , i.e population I

step 1: initiation

initiation is the beginning of transcription. it occurs when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

step 2: elongation

elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

step 3: termination

termination is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.