A mutation is found in a tRNA-encoding gene. The wild type allele produces a tRNA that recognizes the codon GAA, and is charged with the amino acid Glutamic acid. The mutant tRNA is still charged with Glu, but the anticodon is mutated such that it recognizes the codon UAA. What effect will this have on translation in these cells

It will bring about a stop to the translation process

Explanation:

The mutant tRNA despite still being charged with Glu, since it's anticodon is mutated and then recognizes and reads the codon UAA which is one of the  stop codons (UAA, UAG and UGA) on the mRNA strand causes the translation process of that particular mRNA strand to stop. And the growing polypeptide chain to be released if any from the ribosomes.

you did not attach the discourse, but i assume it to be the discourse on the origin and basis of inequality among men (the original titile in french is: "discours sur l'origine et les fondements de l'inégalité parmi les hommes"), also know as "second discourse". in this discourse, jean-jacques rousseau emphasizes that private property is the basis of all inequalities.

therefore, what enabled the old regime to maintain as long as it did was private property.