What gives fingerprints their unique characteristics

Fingerprint ridge patterns

The fingerprints are made of unique pattern of ridges, each of which contains pores, that are linked to sweat glands beneath the skin. All these ridges of fingerprints form a pattern called as arches, loops and whorls.

The loops start from one side and exit on the other side. The whorls form a circular or spiral pattern while the arches slope up or down.

enzyme active site and substrate specificity

enzymes bind with chemical reactants called substrates. there may be one or more substrates for each type of enzyme, depending on the particular chemical reaction. in some reactions, a single-reactant substrate is broken down into multiple products