What is transpiration?
Why does water travel up the xylem like it does?
What factors can affect the rate (speed) of transpiration?
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Explanation:

Xylem moves water from roots to the leaves, and phloem moves food from the leaves to the rest of the plant. During transpiration water evaporates from the leaves and draws water from the roots.

If the rate of transpiration increases, the rate of absorption of water by the root increases too. Factors that affect the rate of transpiration also affect water uptake by the plant. If water is scarce, or the roots are damaged, a plant may wilt.

Factors affecting rate

The rate of transpiration is affected by several factors, including:

temperature

humidity

wind speed

light intensity

c. earths continental crust is thicker than its lithosphere.

because, the lithosphere is the outermost layer of the earth/ 100 km thick and is defined by its machanical properties.the lithosphere contains oceanic and continental crust that varies in age and thickness across locations and geologic time. the lithosphere is the coolest layer of the earth in terms of temperature. the term lithosphere should not be confused with the use of "geosphere" which is used to indicate all of earth systems, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere   and biosphere. the surface of the earth can be divided into the continental crust and the oceanic crust.   the continental crust is made mostly of granite while the oceanic crust is made of basalt. the average thickness of the continental crust is 25 miles and the average thickness of the oceanic crust is 5 miles.   three types of rock, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic, make up the surface of the earth. that's why 3 option is preferable.

yes

no

blue is scattered more than other colors because it travels as shorter, smaller waves. this is why we see a blue sky most of the time.