Calculate the minimum number of nucleotides required in the coding region of the LDS2B mRNA molecule to produce and terminate the 565-amino acid polypeptide. Provide TWO reasons why the number of nucleotides in the mature RNA may differ from the number of base pairs in the gene. (3 points).

The process of the formation of protein from the mRNA is called translation. These are the following that is required for the translation:-

The amino acids are required to make the 565 amino acids are 1695 because,

According to the coding rule, each amino acid is coded from the codon. The codon is the sequence of the 3 base pair of the nitrogenous base

According to the question, The 565 amino acid is code by the 1695 nitrogenous base. In DNA there are two types of sequence, Exon and Introns.

The exons are the non-coding part of the DNA which increases the number of base pairs in the DNA. whereas the actual coding part of the DNA is introns.

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1698 is the minimum number of nucleotides required in the coding region of the LDS2B mRNA molecule to produce and terminate the 565-amino acid polypeptide.

TWO reasons why the number of nucleotides in the mature RNA may differ from the number of base pairs in the gene are:

i) because gene contains non coding sequence also called as introns +exons while mature mRNA contains only exons.

ii) genes have promoter region while mature mRNA does not have so.

Explanation:

The minimum number of nucleotides in the coding region of a mRNA sequence or molecule is number of amino acids multiplied by three. There are triplet codon or 3 nucleotides which code for an amino acid.

number of nucleotides = number of amino acids x 3

number of nucleotides = 565 x 3

number of nucleotides= 1695 nucleotides

The stop codon would also be added as it is a part of mature RNA so

1695 + 3 = 1698

The coding region or exons carry only the nucleotides which code for amino acid polypeptide chain.

The two reasons why number of nucleotides in mature RNA and gene is different:

1) Because the gene carries both introns (non-coding regions) and exons (coding region) and mature mRNA after spicing removes the introns and has only exons which are read by the tRNA to carry amino acids in translation.

2) Genes consist of promoter region which are not transcribed hence not transferred to mRNA. Although mRNA is transcribed using the promoter region.

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