You suspect that a newly discovered bacterial secretion system identified in an E. coli strain isolated from a recent outbreak is important for secreting a particular protein toxin that is important for virulence. How would you most directly test this hypothesis

Aneuron is stimulated with an electric pulse. the action potential is detected at a point 3.70 cm down the axon 0.0052 s later.when the action potential is detected 7.20 cm from the point of stimulation, the time required is 0.0063 s. what is the speed of the electric pulse along the axon? (why are two measurements needed instead of only one? )

How are the tortoises that darwin observed on the galápagos islands similar to the anoles that losos studied

Describe the response the kidneys have to dehydration and excessive water intake. what happens to the concentration of urine in each case ?