Wolbachia pipentis is a species of bacteria that infect fruit flies. When the genome of the fruit fly was sequenced, it was found that most of the genome of the bacteria had been integrated into the fruit fly genome.

Describe what has happened between these two organisms.

A. This passing of genes between organisms of different species is caused by mutations. This type of gene transfer can increase genetic variation only, if it happens in the cells that produce eggs and sperm.

B. This passing of genes between organisms of different species is called gene recombination and happens during sexual reproduction. This type of gene transfer has no effect on genetic variation.

C. This passing of genes between organisms of different species is caused by gene duplications. This type of gene transfer can increase genetic variation, if the duplicated genes acquire new functions.

D. This passing of genes between organisms of different species is called lateral gene transfer. This type of gene transfer can increase genetic variation, and therefore diversity.

Bisphenol a (often called bpa) is a chemical found in products that people use every day, from water bottles to food containers to children's toys. unfortunately, bpa leaches out of its many products and makes its way into our bodies. what are the health effects of bpa exposure? ongoing research is finding that elevated exposure to bpa can affect a wide variety of developmental and physiological processes, but one of the first studies of bpa's health effects came about because of a simple mistake in the lab. at a laboratory at case western reserve university in 1998, geneticist patricia hunt was making a routine check of her female lab mice. as she extracted and examined developing eggs from the ovaries, she began to wonder what had gone wrong. she noticed that many of the eggs showed problems with their chromosomes, and some had irregular amounts of genetic material, which can lead to miscarriages and birth defects in mammals. she learned that a lab assistant had mistakenly washed the plastic mouse cages and water bottles with a harsh soap, releasing bpa from the plastic. knowing that bpa is an endocrine disruptor, a chemical that can enter organisms and mimic hormones, hunt set out to discover whether it had adversely affected her mice.

Astudent reads the following text in a science book: scientific evidence tells us that the cause of earths four seasons is the tilt of earth as it revolves around the sound the student is instructed to illustrate this information in a science book. how will the student illustrate winter in the northern hemisphere? a.earths northern hemisphere will tilt away from the sun. b. earths northern hemisphere will tilt toward the sun. c.earths orbit will be farther away than from the sun d. earths southern hemisphere will tilt away from the sun.

Plants consume most of their carbon from a. the soil b. the water c. the roots d. the air