Although a match between the DNA in a sample and the genomic DNA of a particular individual for a single variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) is not sufficient to establish identity, a mismatch is definitive. The primary reason is that:

A. the sample might have been contaminated.
B. an individual could show an extra VNTR band merely by chance.
C. VNTRs have multiple alleles and many possible genotypes.
D. any band in the sample could have been degraded by nucleases.
E. the DNA in the sample must match its origin.