There are several ways that membrane proteins can associate with the cell membrane. Membrane proteins that extend through the lipid bilayer are called proteins and have regions that are exposed to the interior of the bilayer. On the other hand, membrane-associated proteins do not span the bilayer and instead associate with the membrane through an α helix that is . Other proteins are attached to lipid molecules that are inserted in the membrane. membrane proteins are linked to the membrane through noncovalent interactions with other membrane-bound proteins.

it's a.true. i'm kind of smart.

answer;

a. sheep consumption efficiency would be reduced.

explanation;

-trophic efficiency is a measure of how much energy occurs at one level divided by the energy at the level immediately below it . trophic efficiency incorporates three types of efficiency:

-the proportion of available energy that is consumed (consumption efficiency).   it is the proportion of the available biomass that is ingested by consumers.

-the proportion of ingested food that is assimilated (assimilation efficiency).

-the proportion of assimilated food that goes into new consumer biomass (production efficiency).

-in this case, the grasshoppers would affect sheep by reducing the proportion of the available biomass that is ingested by the sheep.