Motility and secretion in the stomach is generated by the reflex initiated by thought, smell, sight, or taste of food.

Explanation:

The cephalic phase reflex of gastric secretion, which is relatively brief, takes place before food enters the stomach

The smell, taste, sight, or thought of food triggers this type of reflex

For example, when we bring a piece of food item to our lips, impulses from receptors in our taste buds or the nose are relayed to our brain, which returns signals that increase gastric secretion to prepare our stomach for digestion

This enhanced secretion is a conditioned reflex, which means it occurs only if we like or want a particular food

Depression and loss of appetite are two factors which can suppress the cephalic reflex

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fertilization, pictured in figure 24.23a is the process in which gametes (an egg and sperm) fuse to form a zygote. the egg and sperm each contain one set of chromosomes. to ensure that the offspring has only one complete diploid set of chromosomes, only one sperm must fuse with one egg. in mammals, the egg is protected by a layer of extracellular matrix consisting mainly of glycoproteins called the zona pellucida. when a sperm binds to the zona pellucida, a series of biochemical events, called the acrosomal reactions, take place. in placental mammals, the acrosome contains digestive enzymes that initiate the degradation of the glycoprotein matrix protecting the egg and allowing the sperm plasma membrane to fuse with the egg plasma membrane, as illustrated in figure 24.23b. the fusion of these two membranes creates an opening through which the sperm nucleus is transferred into the ovum. the nuclear membranes of the egg and sperm break down and the two haploid genomes condense to form a diploid genome.

explanation: