When b cells encounter a pathogen, they .

a. activate cytotoxic t cells.
b. divide and produce large amounts of an antibody.
c. initiate an inflammatory response.
d. attack the cell by making a hole in its membrane.

the correct answer is option b

behavioral response need communication and thus co-ordination at several levels such as interaction among cells, organ system and the entire organism.

behavioral response produces both internal and environmental stimulus.

ecological efficiency: % of usable energy transferred as

biomass from one trophic level to the next typical is 10% efficient (90% of

energy is lost),is diagramed as the pyramid of energy flow. then osprey eagle

are tertiary consumer and the shrimp are primary consumer, so to balance

mass of shrimp (1/0.1) / 0.1 = 100 kg