At noon, a female corpse was found partially submerged on the shore of a lake. The air temperature was 26.7C, and the water temperature was about 15.6C. Rigor mortis was not evident, and the body’s temperature was 15.6C. Livor mortis showed as a noticeable reddening on the victims back that did not disappear when pressed. Bacterial activity was not significant, and the lungs were filled with water. what is the estimated PMI?

because photosynthesis could not occur (apex)

we solve the problem using the hardy-wineberg equation.

let us start with the homozygous recessive proportion of individuals with sickle cell anaemia,

we have the proportion as q² = 0.25.

∴ q = 0.5 (frequency of hbs in population)

further,

solving for the frequency of normal cell by using the fact that,

p + q = 1

∴ p = 1 - 0.5 = 1 - 0.5 = 0.5

now we can calculate 2pq in p² + 2pq + q², which is the frequency for heterozygous carriers of sickle cell anaemia,

∴ 2pq = 2 x 0.5 x 0.5 = 0.5

and the homozygous normal cell individuals proportion is given by the expression,

∴ p² = 0.5² = 0.25

hence, the carriers for sickle cell anaemia are in proportion, 0.5, or 50%.