During sustained exercise, the ATP/AMP ratio in muscle cells decreases. What effect does this decreased ATP/AMP ratio have on the activity of phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase?

Phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase are two important enzymes n the glycolytic pathway They are regulated by the levels of ATP and AMP.

Explanation:

Phosphofructokinase and pyruuvate kinase are the most important control element in the glycolytic pathway.High levels of ATP allosterically inhibit the enzyme , thus lowering its affinity for their substrates. ATP elicits this effect by binding to a specific regulatory site that is distinct from the catalytic site. AMP reverses the inhibitory action of ATP, and so the activity of the enzyme increases when the ATP/AMP ratio is lowered. In other words, glycolysis is stimulated as the energy charge falls. Moreover, the use of AMP as an allosteric regulator provides an especially sensitive control

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