The Isthmus of Panama began to appear around 10 million years ago, and completely connected North and South America by 3 million years ago, which divided the Caribbean and Pacific oceans. An original 15 snapping shrimp species are hypothesized to have become 30 different species after being split into separate populations by the Isthmus of Panama. What kind of speciation is most likely to have caused this increase in snapping shrimp species around the Isthmus of Panama?

A. Parapatric speciation

B. Temporal speciation

C. Sympatric speciation

D. Allopatric speciation

D.  Since  the population  of new species  of snapping shrimp were formed by geographical barrier, This is Allopatric speciation.

Explanation:

Allopatric speciation refers to emergence of new species  of organism which were separated from the original population by geographical isolation.

The selection pressure on the new habitat leads to changes in the physiology, morphology,and behavioural features of the new snapping shrimp  species. Thus a new species is formed.

Since the barrier  prevented the mixing or interbreeding between  the separated species  and the original species, if they were reintroduced they  refused to mate,thus leading to emergence of a new specie.

Thus the type of speciation due to  geographical isolation(Isthmus of Panama) leading  to emergence of two new species of snapping shrimps  is called Allopatric speciation.

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building of proper sewage system was done to ensure that the waste is carried away from the humans so that they do not get diseases from it.

also they built water systems to provide water in those areas which are drought prone.