In the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, a protein called is released from the mitochondria into the cytosol and binds to the adaptor protein Apaf1, causing it to oligomerize into a wheel-like assembly called an apoptosome, which then recruits initiator caspase-9 proteins.

Cytochrome-c

Explanation:

Apoptosis refers to the genetically controlled pathway which leads to the death of the cell.

The apoptosis is an important pathway as it maintains the shape and size of the organism as well as in the formation of organisms. The pathway involves many proteins like caspase-9, Apaf1 and many others.

The mitochondria organelle is also involved in the pathway as the cell gets damaged, the Bcl-2 family is activated which increases permeability of the mitochondria.

The cytochrome-c of the mitochondria is then released from mitochondria and binds to the Apaf1 domain. This leads to conformation change in the Apaf1 and takes shape of wheel like structure.

Thus, cytochrome-c is correct.

answer;

c. a tree whose roots are surrounded by wet sand.

explanation;

water stress is an important factor limiting the growth and productivity of forests.water stress is the most often cited cause of poor survival and growth of woody landscape plants.

-insufficient soil moisture is the most common form of water stress, but excess moisture that leads to poor soil aeration (hypoxia) can also result in reduced plant vitality. a tree whose roots are surrounded by wet sand would be least likely to experience water stress.