Explain how an autoimmune disease differs from an infectious disease?

Similarities and differences between bacteria and viruses?

Explain how the following methods can be used to assist the body’s ability to fight against disease causing organisms!

A) vaccinations given at birth

B) antibiotics prescribed when you have an infection

C) antiseptics used during operations

1. Autoimmune disease is caused when own cells of the body are attacked by immune cells. These are not communicable. Whereas infectious disease is caused by pathogens and microbes as foreign particle and are communicable disease.

2. Virus and bacteria both have their own genetic material and enzymes. Both causes disease. The difference between them is that bacteria is prokaryote and virus is not. Virus do not have cell wall while bacteria have. Virus relies on host machinery to replicate while bacteria replicates autonomously.

3.A.  Vaccines given at birth boosts the immunity to fight pathogens as antibodies are readily made against the disease.

B. Antibiotic kills or lower the bacteria causing infection.

C. Antiseptics are applied on skin to clear off the bacteria present so that infection do not occur after surgery.

Explanation:

Autoimmune disease is a condition in which own cells are attacked by self immune system. The ability to distinguish foreign body and own body cells is disturbed in this. Instead of releasing antibodies, autoantibodies are released.  The degradation of ability to fight infection also happens in autoimmune disease. The disease is not contagious.

In type 1 diabetes the pancreatic cells are damaged.

Rheumatoid arthritis is also caused by over activity of immune system cells.

Infectious disease is caused by microbes and pathogens as bacteria, fungi, helminths or viruses. The immune system when fails to combat the pathogens symptoms persist. Infectious disease are communicable disease. These get treated by antibiotics.

Similarities between virus and bacteria:

Both of them cause disease in the host body.

Both contain genetic material and enzymes.

Difference between bacteria and virus:

Virus is a link between living and non living.

They have genetic material RNA  or DNA enclosed in protein capsid.

They replicate using host's machinery.

Anti-viral drugs are required to kill virus.

No cell wall present.

Bacteria are single- celled prokaryotes.

genetic material is DNA.

Useful bacteria is present in host body which assist in metabolic processes.

Can cause diseases also. Have their own machinery.

Antibodies are used to treat the bacterial infection.

cell wall of peptidoglycan is present.

A). Vaccinations given at birth:

Vaccines are given for the protection from diseases and boost immune system to combat the infections. Vaccines are prepared by weakening or killing of microorganisms, or by taking protein or toxins from the microorganism. The vaccine provided is for adaptive immunity.  Vaccine given at birth boosts the immune system of a child and is able to produce antibodies of the disease to fight it.

example vaccine for small pox, polio

B. Antibiotics prescribed when you have an infection because they kill or prevent the multiplication of disease causing bacteria. penicillin is an antibiotic.

C. Antiseptic stops or nil the growth of bacteria or other pathogerns that cause infection on living body. During operation the antiseptic is applied so that the microbes do not throng to cuts and incision.

chlorhexidine gluconate.

this protocol provides a detailed procedure for total protein extraction for western blot analysis from achieved samples following trizol isolation of rna.