Suppose a botanist had a group of pea plants, some of which had green pods and some of which had yellow pods. It is established that the green pod trait is dominant to yellow pods. The botantist took one of the green pod plants and did a test cross with a yellow pod plant and determined that the green pod plant is heterozygous. Which of Mendel’s findings does the test cross illustrate?

Law of segregation

Explanation:

According to law of segregation, allele pair representing a gene segregate during gamete formation and random unite during fertilization.

Assuming allele for pod colour in the plant is represented by B. The allele pair for the green (Bb) pod plant segregate while the allele pair for the yellow pod plant (bb) also segregate. During fertilization, paternal alleles randomly fuse with maternal allele as such:

B  b   x   b   b    =  Bb, Bb, bb, bb.

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